The Dining Philosophers Problem is a computer science problem formulated in 1965 by Edsger Dijkstra. It involves dealing with concurrent programming, synchronization issues, threads, deadlocks, and race conditions.

Stack is an ADT (Abstract Data Structure) which follows the LIFO (Last In First Out) order. It might be easier to understand this concept by imagining an actual stack of books.

A process ID a.k.a. PID is literally what the name says, it is a number to uniquely identify a running process. You can print your program’s PID in C using the getpid() function included on the header file unistd.h.

When we declare a variable in C, we generally do something like this…